MID TEST of INTRO TO SOCIOLINGUISTIC

assalamualaikum wr wb

MID TEST OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC

Name : ASRI LARASWATI

Class   : VA

11.   What is sociolinguistic ?

          Sociolinguistic is one of branches of linguistic that learn about language and society. It means that, socio-linguistic is the study of relationship between language that we use in daily activity with our society (environment and any condition).  

          It is concerned on how language use interacts with, or can be affected by some factors, they are :

 - gender (men or women),

-  age (children, teenager, adult),

-  ethnicity (batak, jawa, sunda or others)

-  etc

          The interested part of sociolinguistic are how we use the specific funtion of language to convey social meaning and also how we speak differently in various social contexts. When we learn about sociolinguistic, we will get the real life of attitudes and social situation that happen in our life.

          Not only learn about language in our daily activity, Sociolinguistic has taken a place of how language and society have interacted in the past. With long history, language has already used by our ancestors.  They start with gesture and then make a new word based on regional or social factors  in their daily activity.

     2.   Why do we learn sociolinguistic?

          Sociolinguistic  is very significat aspect in our lives, as we use itu often. In the office, campus or at home we always use language  with many different  ways. We are polite in the office  (with the boss) sometimes we are impolite at home (with our brother or  sister). So it will make us want to know, why we learn sociolinguistic, they are :

-         By learning sociolinguistic, we as a learner of another language not only know the grammar, the vocabulary, the pronunciation or others. But, sociolinguistic will give you  a change to look  at the context within which the language is spoken rather than the mechanics of language itself.

-         By learning and understanding Sociolinguistic, we get reason why we speak differently in various social contexts and help uncover the social relationship in a community.

-         It also help us shape our character by the use of language and its very common to use sociolinguistic, because we use it anytime but we neve pay a little attention of it.

-         We use language everyday and the societies we live in greatly affect the way we speak to each other. So, sociolinguistic provide insight into the why’s and how’s of the way people speak.

-         As we know, Language is not only knowing how to properly construct sentences to deliver a message, but it is instead a way to define and express who we really are.

    3.  What is the relation between language and society ?

          The relationship between language and society make some possibilities, they are :

        a.    Language influences society and people

          As a primary tool for communication purposes, language can influences society for establising peace and order in our society, for get goals and objectives and for showing authority and power. But we have to use language conformity on society to avoid a conflicts

       b.  People and society influence language

          However, Society controls language by giving us preferences as what are acceptable and not acceptable in our daily of speech. Because each of us has own point of view or perception. A group of people may accept our language but for others, it is not accepted. So, we should know when and where to say it and for what purposes

       c.      There is interaction as language influences people and society ; and then people and society influence language

          This is a great point, because language and social behaviour are constantly interacting. All the time, language is changing because of social context and then social context cause the language to be changed.

        d.   There is no influences of either, so language is just a tool used by people and there is no social effect of it.

    4.   Please mention and explain the branches  of linguistic!

Branches of Linguistic

1) Micro Linguistic = it is internal view of language itself

a.   Phonetic

The study of the physical properties of sound of human language.

Ex : lips , tongue, teeth

b.   Phonology

The study of sound as discrete

Ex : produce “book”=buk

c.    Morphology

The study of internal structure of word and how it modified

Ex : serious = “seriously”

d.   Syntax

The study of word combine

Ex : green house

e.    Semantic

The study of meaning of words

f.       Pragmatic

The study of utterances are used

2)   Macro linguistic = it is concerned of external  view of language itself related with other science

a.   Language Geography

The study of spatial pattern of language

b.   Developmental linguistic

The study of the development of linguistic abality in an individual, such as in childhood

c.    Historical Linguistic

The study of language change

d.   Psycholinguistic

The study of cognitive process and representation underlying language use

e.    Sociolinguistic

The study of social pattern and norms of linguistic variability

f.       Clinical linguistic

the application of linguistic theory to the area of Speech language pathology

   5.    What is standard language? Giving an example!

          A standard  language is a language variation that used in governments,  at school, in the media, and for international communication. Standard language is the way  to use language in official and formal situation as in the newspaper and public speech. The main idea of Standard language is  to codify a public, particularly written language so that it is accesable to every speaker of the language that used in education, media and science.

The characteristics of a standard  language are :

a.   Have an authoritative dictionary which record the vocabulary of that language

b.   Have an authoritative grammar which records the form, rules and structure of that language

c.    a recognized standard of pronounciation

d.   mention of the language in legal documents

e.    the use of the language throughout public life and its formal instruction in school

f.       a body of literary text

g.   formal instruction of and research into the language and its literature in institutions of higher education.

h.     And translation of key religious text

          For example is Indonesian language. This  language has already use in government, in media and at school, so many people use and communicate using this language. 

   6.   Elaborating the language, dialect and accent please!

         Language

    Language is a dialect with an army. Linguist often talk about        language in terms of political influence and power. By this , it mean that a dialect with political power becomes a language. 

         Dialect

    Dialect have differences not only in pronunciation but also in grammar and syntax. Two people may both speak English but one might say :

                He did well                     and                 He done well

         Accent

      Accent is all about pronunciation. Two people may use the same grammar, the same syntax and the same vocabulary but pronounce the words in a different way. Effectively they have two accents.

Example =     pæːθ      (with short vowel)

                        pɑːθ         (with long vowel )

    7.  Giving an example of formal language and informal language !

          Formal language is less personal than informal language. It is used when writing for professional or academic purposes like university assignments.

          Informal language is more casual and spontaneous. It is used when communicating with friends or family either in writing or in conversation.

Example of this :

                  a.   Informal    : I don’t believe that the results are accurate

                  Formal       : The result are not believed to be accurate

                  b.   Informal    : It was raining cats and dogs

                  Formal       : It was raining very heavily

                  c.    Informal    : The patient got over his illness

                   Formal       : The patient recovered from illness

  8.  What aspects of language are sociolinguistic interested in?

          Sociolinguistic are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts and then the effect of social factors such as (social status, age, gender, and social class) on language variation (dialect, and genres) and they concerned with identifying the social function of language and the way are used to convey social meaning.

   9.   When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do ?

a.   Pidgins

b.   Creole

c.    Lingua franca

     In my opinion, They can use lingua franca, because lingua franca is a bridge of language, or common language. Trade language or vehicular language, is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both native languages.

           10. Why do people switch and mix a language?

Because of many factors,

          Firstly, want to fit in, it is conciously and unconciously,  people do code switch to act or talk more like those people around them. When someone in your environment talk in javaness, you should talk in that language, to make them understand

          Secondly, want to get something, a lot of folks code switching no just fit in, but to actively ingratiate themselves to others. It based on the place of you.

          Thirdly. Want to say something in secret, sometimes, when we want to talk  a secret thing with someone, we can use another language that our partner understand it.

          So, why people switch and mix language, it based on their situation, and any place and then anyone that become their partner.  To make them understand of ur language is one of purposes in Code switching and code mixing.

111.       Giving an example of code switching and code mixing!

Code switching :

When Dina (jakarta) come to Karin’s village  (jawa), she talking with karin’s mom, but karin’s mom doesnot understand of dina’s language. 

Dialogue :

D : hai tante, aku dina, tante mamanya karinkan, apa kabar tante ?

KM : nduk, mbok ora ngertos

K : biung, jenenge dina, temennya karin, katane, biung piye kabare

KM : o, biung apik apik wae din..

Code mixing

When I talked with my friend with two language (indonesian and english)

Dialogue :

C: morning rin, lagi apa kamu?

D: oh my god, kamu ngagetin aku tau

C: yah sorry lah, nggak sengaja kali