SOCIOLINGUISTIC : Speech Communities

SPEECH

COMMUNITY

Speech Communities is.....

A Speech is human communication used either oral or  written that consist of the use of a word structured.

A community is a group of people with a shared set of activities, practices, beliefs, and social structures.

So

       A speech community is a group of people who share similar ideas, uses, and norms of language.

        Speech community  is a term in  sociolinguistics  and  linguistic anthropology for a group of people who use the same variety of a language and who share specific rules for speaking and for interpreting speech.

Or

        Speech community is an understanding of language with a sense by a community, only people of the community who understand it.

Aspects in speech communities:

- Its based on the level of age (how to talk to children, our age and parents),

- Based on topic that will talk between women to women, man to man, women to man, and others

- Social status (education, profession, economy) its look from style, speech act, language that they are using, behavior, and attitude.

- Religion (jargon used) every religion has different jargon or caractheristics of it

Intersecting communities

          For certain communities, the language of their group (such as batakness, javaness, etc.) has distinct dialect and intonation. So we can distinguish them only from their speech

Why   does  speech communities exist ????

-        

     1) Trends (usually use in every place), 

     2) Interesting with one language 

   3) Mutual  intelligibility because they use the same language or same style of language, and

    4) Environment in their life, with new environment it can impact to the style of language in their daily life, with many different background make new group of language.

Types of Speech Community

There are three types of speech community namely :

1.    Same Language and understanding each other

2.    Same Language but do not understand each other

3.    Different Language but understanding each other

How do we measure an individual's participation in the social group / speech community?

1) Social Network Analysis

          Emphasizes  the individual's place within a social network to seek for the livelihoods of the people. How do many individuals play a role in linguistic change? Someone who has ties outside the community may initiate the change. 

2) Sociometrics

          A way to measure multiplexity - how reciprocal is the relationship? (Measuring popularity, in a way)

3) Network integration

                   Kinship, work, territory-based activities (teams), social groups,           physical proximity all play a role

4) Acts of identity

                     A individual creates for himself the pattern of his linguistic behaviour.

Thank you for reading ......

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