MID TEST OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC
Name :
ASRI LARASWATI
Class :
VA
11. What
is sociolinguistic ?
Sociolinguistic is one of branches of
linguistic that learn about language and society. It means that, socio-linguistic
is the study of relationship between language that we use in daily activity
with our society (environment and any condition).
It is concerned on how language use
interacts with, or can be affected by some factors, they are :
- gender (men or women),
- age (children, teenager, adult),
- ethnicity (batak, jawa, sunda or others)
- etc
The interested part of sociolinguistic
are how we use the specific funtion of language to convey social meaning and
also how we speak differently in various social contexts. When we learn about
sociolinguistic, we will get the real life of attitudes and social situation
that happen in our life.
Not only learn about language in our
daily activity, Sociolinguistic has taken a place of how language and society
have interacted in the past. With long history, language has already used by
our ancestors. They start with gesture
and then make a new word based on regional or social factors in their daily activity.
2. Why
do we learn sociolinguistic?
Sociolinguistic is very significat aspect in our lives, as we
use itu often. In the office, campus or at home we always use language with many different ways. We are polite in the office (with the boss) sometimes we are impolite at
home (with our brother or sister). So it
will make us want to know, why we learn sociolinguistic, they are :
-
By learning sociolinguistic, we as a
learner of another language not only know the grammar, the vocabulary, the
pronunciation or others. But, sociolinguistic will give you a change to look at the context within which the language is
spoken rather than the mechanics of language itself.
-
By learning and understanding
Sociolinguistic, we get reason why we speak differently in various social
contexts and help uncover the social relationship in a community.
-
It also help us shape our character
by the use of language and its very common to use sociolinguistic, because we
use it anytime but we neve pay a little attention of it.
-
We use language everyday and the
societies we live in greatly affect the way we speak to each other. So, sociolinguistic
provide insight into the why’s and how’s of the way people speak.
-
As we know, Language is not only
knowing how to properly construct sentences to deliver a message, but it is
instead a way to define and express who we really are.
3. What
is the relation between language and society ?
The
relationship between language and society make some possibilities, they are :
a. Language influences society and people
As a primary tool for communication
purposes, language can influences society for establising peace and order in
our society, for get goals and objectives and for showing authority and power. But
we have to use language conformity on society to avoid a conflicts
b. People and society influence language
However, Society controls language by
giving us preferences as what are acceptable and not acceptable in our daily of
speech. Because each of us has own point of view or perception. A group of
people may accept our language but for others, it is not accepted. So, we
should know when and where to say it and for what purposes
c. There is interaction as language influences
people and society ; and then people and society influence language
This is a great point, because
language and social behaviour are constantly interacting. All the time,
language is changing because of social context and then social context cause
the language to be changed.
d. There is no influences of either, so language
is just a tool used by people and there is no social effect of it.
4. Please
mention and explain the branches of
linguistic!
Branches
of Linguistic
1) Micro Linguistic = it is
internal view of language itself
a.
Phonetic
The
study of the physical properties of sound of human language.
Ex
: lips , tongue, teeth
b.
Phonology
The
study of sound as discrete
Ex
: produce “book”=buk
c.
Morphology
The
study of internal structure of word and how it modified
Ex
: serious = “seriously”
d.
Syntax
The
study of word combine
Ex
: green house
e.
Semantic
The
study of meaning of words
f.
Pragmatic
The
study of utterances are used
2)
Macro linguistic = it is concerned
of external view of language itself related
with other science
a.
Language Geography
The
study of spatial pattern of language
b.
Developmental linguistic
The
study of the development of linguistic abality in an individual, such as in
childhood
c.
Historical Linguistic
The
study of language change
d.
Psycholinguistic
The
study of cognitive process and representation underlying language use
e.
Sociolinguistic
The
study of social pattern and norms of linguistic variability
f.
Clinical linguistic
the
application of linguistic theory to the area of Speech language pathology
5. What
is standard language? Giving an example!
A standard language is a language variation that used in
governments, at school, in the media,
and for international communication. Standard language is the way to use language in official and formal
situation as in the newspaper and public speech. The main idea of Standard
language is to codify a public,
particularly written language so that it is accesable to every speaker of the
language that used in education, media and science.
The characteristics
of a standard language are :
a. Have
an authoritative dictionary which record the vocabulary of that language
b. Have
an authoritative grammar which records the form, rules and structure of that
language
c. a
recognized standard of pronounciation
d. mention
of the language in legal documents
e. the
use of the language throughout public life and its formal instruction in school
f.
a body of literary text
g. formal
instruction of and research into the language and its literature in
institutions of higher education.
h. And translation of key religious text
For example is Indonesian language. This
language has already use in government,
in media and at school, so many people use and communicate using this
language.
6. Elaborating
the language, dialect and accent please!
Language
Language is a dialect with an army. Linguist
often talk about language in terms of political influence and power. By this , it
mean that a dialect with political power becomes a language.
Dialect
Dialect have
differences not only in pronunciation but also in grammar and syntax. Two people
may both speak English but one might say :
He did well and He done well
Accent
Accent is all about
pronunciation. Two people may use the same grammar, the same syntax and the
same vocabulary but pronounce the words in a different way. Effectively they
have two accents.
Example =
pæːθ
(with short vowel)
pɑːθ (with long vowel )
7. Giving
an example of formal language and informal language !
Formal language is
less personal than informal language. It is used when writing for professional
or academic purposes like university assignments.
Informal language
is more casual and spontaneous. It is used when communicating with friends or
family either in writing or in conversation.
Example of this :
a.
Informal : I don’t believe that the
results are accurate
Formal : The result are not
believed to be accurate
b.
Informal : It was raining cats and
dogs
Formal : It was raining very
heavily
c.
Informal : The patient got over his
illness
Formal : The patient recovered
from illness
8. What
aspects of language are sociolinguistic interested in?
Sociolinguistic are interested in
explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts and then
the effect of social factors such as (social status, age, gender, and social
class) on language variation (dialect, and genres) and they concerned with
identifying the social function of language and the way are used to convey
social meaning.
9. When
two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what
should they do ?
a. Pidgins
b. Creole
c. Lingua franca
In my opinion, They can use lingua franca, because lingua franca is
a bridge of language, or common language. Trade language or vehicular language,
is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible
between people who do not share a native language or dialect, in particular
when it is a third language, distinct from both native languages.
10. Why do people switch and mix a
language?
Because
of many factors,
Firstly,
want to fit in, it is conciously and
unconciously, people do code switch to
act or talk more like those people around them. When someone in your
environment talk in javaness, you should talk in that language, to make them
understand
Secondly,
want to get something, a lot of
folks code switching no just fit in, but to actively ingratiate themselves to
others. It based on the place of you.
Thirdly.
Want to say something in secret,
sometimes, when we want to talk a secret
thing with someone, we can use another language that our partner understand it.
So,
why people switch and mix language, it based on their situation, and any place
and then anyone that become their partner.
To make them understand of ur language is one of purposes in Code
switching and code mixing.
111. Giving an example of code switching and
code mixing!
Code switching :
When
Dina (jakarta) come to Karin’s village (jawa),
she talking with karin’s mom, but karin’s mom doesnot understand of dina’s
language.
Dialogue :
D
: hai tante, aku dina, tante mamanya karinkan, apa kabar tante ?
KM
: nduk, mbok ora ngertos
K
: biung, jenenge dina, temennya karin, katane, biung piye kabare
KM
: o, biung apik apik wae din..
Code mixing
When
I talked with my friend with two language (indonesian and english)
Dialogue :
C:
morning rin, lagi apa kamu?
D:
oh my god, kamu ngagetin aku tau
C:
yah sorry lah, nggak sengaja kali
